Civil engineering drawing | drawing procedure | instruments

 Civil engineering drawing

A civil drawing, also known as a site drawing, is a type of technical drawing that depicts grading, landscaping, or other site details. These drawings are intended to provide a civil engineer with a clear picture of everything on a construction site.

Civil drafters collaborate with civil engineers and other professionals in the industry to create models and drawings for civil engineering projects. Bridges, construction sites, canals, dams, harbours, roadways, railroads, pipelines, public utility systems, and waterworks are examples of civil engineering projects. Maps, plans, cross sections, profiles, and detail drawings are all created by civil drafters.

Procedure

Surveying is the first step in the creation of a civil drawing. Surveyors create a map file of the job site, which civil designers and drafters use to create drawings. Following the surveying, the engineering firm's other departments begin to work on other things such as draining, grading, foundation, and site preparation. Other projects, such as electrical, piping, and sewage treatment, may necessitate the use of a different type of engineering or a specialised design. Finished site preparation and landscape design may be included in the final stages of a project. Landscape architects may be hired to work on this aspect of a project.

Standards

Floor plans for the Queensland Stock Institute Building that meet industry standards

Each company, client, government, or professional body has its own set of standards. The standards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), for example, may differ from those of a client. However, some standards, like as ASME Y14.2 Line Convections and Lettering, can be utilised in any field. Companies frequently employ standards set by a professional group while also adding their own. Different methods of preserving CADD data or plotting algorithms are examples of these standards. City, county, and federal codes are examples of government standards. Even if firm or professional organization standards are accessible, these standards must always be observed. Even though the government is not the client, government standards apply. Project Standards are the final documents used in the design and construction of a project. These standards could be a mix of standards from a firm, a client, or the government. Before the designs are published for bids or building permits, they must be examined to ensure that they meet all of the required standards, a process known as standard checking. This is normally done by a piece of software.

Explore common forms of drawings today if you're interested in pursuing a career in civil engineering or extending your understanding of engineering drawing types. These designs may differ depending on the extent of your project. Create classic architectural drawings and precise designs for commercial or residential structures using expert tools and equipment.

What are the various types of civil engineering drawings?

Architectural drawing

The entire aspect of the structure, including rooms, elevation, and square footage, is depicted in an architectural drawing. Furniture and other particular information are included in some building drawings.

Structural drawing

These drawings are used to define the structural materials that support a structure more precisely. To maintain a safe and legal construction site, contractors must understand the proper materials, placement, grade, and reinforcement plan.

Drawings for plumbing, electrical, and finishing

Finally, these detailed drawings are used to explain the location of various construction materials in greater detail. Civil engineers can use convenient design templates to swiftly develop plumbing and electrical schematics that comply with code requirements and convey the proper installation of these components to subcontractors. The finish drawing shows how to finish surfaces using drywall, hardwood, tile, granite, and other materials. This drawing depicts the building's interior and external design. Engineer Supply has drafting tools for sale if you're ready to tackle a civil drawing on your own. Take advantage of high-quality tools and templates to quickly create accurate drawings and blueprints for all stages of construction.

What is the key plan?

Key plans, like floor plans, show all of the essential architectural elements. These thorough designs include not just the room's square footage, but also its intended usage, any planned furniture, and other features. A key plan can also include room numbers to aid in the organization of additional plans and details.

What Are the Six Different Types of Architectural Drawings?

There are six basic drawing kinds used in a civil engineering drawing for a residential development. The following are some of the most typical types of building drawings to master:

1.       Plans

2.       Interior and exterior elevations

3.       Building and wall sections

4.       Interior and exterior details

5.       Schedules and room finishes

6.       Framing and utility plans

What Is a Plan Diagram and How Does It Work?

The most basic architecture diagram is a plan diagram. This figure, also known as the floor plan, is a vertical orthographic projection of a scaled replica of the building. Windows, doors, stairwells, walls, and even furniture are highlighted in this diagram. A plan diagram can be drawn in two dimensions or three dimensions.

What Is a Drawing of a Building Called?

An architectural drawing is the name given to this form of technical drawing. It's utilised to communicate many of a building's technical aspects. Engineers and architects use architectural drawings to communicate with contractors involved in the construction of a business or residential project.

What Is a Master Plan and How Do I Create One?

To capture a wide range of information, a master plan comprises numerous engineering drawing elements and overall evaluations. Not only should the architectural aspects of a structure be considered, but also neighbourhood planning, supplementary services, and traffic data. A master plan can differ depending on the goals of a certain construction project.

Applications of Engineering Drawing   

Almost every engineering project necessitates the use of engineering drawings. The following are some of the most important applications of engineering drawings:

1. It is used for navigation in ships.

2. For the manufacture of machines, autos, and other such items.

3. For the construction of constructions such as buildings, highways, bridges, dams, electrical and telecommunication networks, and so on.

4. For the production of electrical gadgets such as televisions, phones, laptops, and so on.

Studying Civil Engineering Drawings for Specific Purposes 

The following are some of the reasons why civil engineering drawings should be studied:

1.       To improve the ability to design and sketch simple civil engineering drawings and sketches using current practise.

2.       To improve reading and comprehension of drawings used in civil engineering projects.

3.       To get a practical understanding of the layout of buildings, bridges, highways, and other civil engineering constructions.

4.       To improve abstracting abilities from calculation sheets and schematic diagrams in order to produce working drawings for masons, construction managers, and field employees who work on civil engineering projects.

Drawing Instruments  

 The most common instruments used for engineering drawing are:

1.       Drawing Board    

2.       Rubber/Eraser 

3.       Instrument box 

4.       Scales

5.       Drawing paper    

6.       T- square   

7.       Protractor   

8.       Pins and clips

9.       Pencil     

10.   Set-square   

11.   Compass    

12.   Adhesive tapes                   

13.   French curves etc

Drawing Paper   

Drawing paper is the paper, on which drawing is to be made. All engineering drawings are made on sheets of paper of strictly defined sizes, which are set forth in the respective standards. The use of standard size saves paper and ensures convenient storage of drawings. 

Desirable properties a good drawing paper:

1.       It should be smooth and uniform in thickness.

2.       It should be thick, strong and tough.

3.       Fibers of drawing paper should not be disintegrated when a good eraser is used on it.    

Paper Types:

1.       Detail Paper (used for pencil work).

2.       White drawing paper (used for finished drawing)

3.       Tracing paper (used for both pencil and ink work and useful for replicating a master copy)