Beam in construction | Types of beams | Uses of beams
Beam
In the
construction of buildings and structures, various types of beams are employed.
Vertical loads, shear stresses, and bending moments can all be absorbed by
these horizontal structural members. Beams distribute loads placed throughout
their length to their terminals, which might include walls, columns,
foundations, and other structures.
Different types
of beams used in building construction will be examined in this article based
on how they are supported, the cross-section shape (profile), length, and
material they are made of.
Different types
of beams used in building construction will be examined in this article based
on how they are supported, the cross-section shape (profile), length, and
material they are made of.
Types of Beams
There are
various types of beams that are classed according to the following criteria.
·
According to the Support Conditions.
·
Based on the building materials.
·
Cross-Section Shapes are used.
·
Geometry is the basis for this design.
·
Based on the concept of equilibrium.
·
Based on the construction method.
·
Others.
1. According to the Support Conditions.
A.
Simply supported beam
It is one of the
most basic structural elements because both ends are supported but it can
rotate freely. At one end, there is pinned support, and at the other end, there
is a roller support. It can withstand shearing and bending depending on the
strain.
B.
Fixed Beam
It is fastened
and supported at both ends to prevent spinning. A built-in beam is another name
for it. Other than reactions, the fixed ends produce moments.
C.
Continuous Beam
A continuous
beam has more than two supports throughout the length of it.
D.
Cantilever Beam
A cantilever
beam is defined as a beam that is fastened at one end and set to be free at the
other. The load is distributed back to the support, which is subjected to
moment and shear stress. Bay windows, balconies, and some bridges are all
possible using cantilever beams.
E.
Reinforced Concrete Beams
It's made of
concrete and reinforced steel, The term "hidden beam" or
"concealed beam" refers to a reinforced concrete beam that is hidden
within reinforced concrete slabs.
F.
Steel Beams
It is made of steel and is utilised in a variety of
applications.
G.
Timber beams
The timber beam
is made of wood and has been utilised in the past. However, the use of such a
beam in the building industry has decreased dramatically in recent years.
H.
Composite Beams
Steel and
concrete are used to make composite beams, which are made up of two or more
different components.
2. Based on Cross-Section Shapes
Beams come in a
variety of cross-sectional shapes and are employed in various portions of
constructions. Reinforced concrete, steel, or composite materials can be used
to make these beams:
The following
are examples of reinforced concrete cross sectional shapes:
A.
Rectangular beam
In the
construction of reinforced concrete buildings and other structures, this type
of beam is commonly utilised.
B.
L-section beam
This form of
beam is built in one piece, with a reinforced concrete slab around the
structure's perimeter.
C.
T-section beam
This sort of
beam is usually made of a single piece of reinforced concrete. Isolated T-beams
are sometimes used to boost the compression strength of concrete.
Furthermore,
inverted T-beams can be built to meet the loading requirements.
3. The following are examples of steel
cross sectional shapes:
Steel beams come
in a variety of cross-sectional forms. In comparison to other shapes, each
cross-sectional shape offers higher advantages in a specific condition.
Beam
cross-sectional shapes made of steel include square, rectangular, circular,
I-shaped, T-shaped, H-shaped, C-shaped, and tubular.
4. Based on Cross-Section Shapes are
used:
A.
Straight beam
The bulk of
beams in constructions have a straight shape and are straight beams.
B.
Curved beam
Beam with a
curved profile, as seen in circular structures.
C.
Tapered beam
The cross
section of the beam is tapered.
5. Based on the concept of equilibrium.
A.
Statically Determinate Beam
Equilibrium
conditions alone can be utilised to solve reactions for a statically
determinate beam. The number of equations equals the number of unknown
reactions.
B.
Statically indeterminate beam
Equilibrium
conditions are insufficient to solve reactions in a statically indeterminate
beam. As a result, analysing this sort of beam is more difficult than analysing
statically determinate beams.
6. Based on the construction method.
A.
Concrete Beams Cast In-Situ
This sort of
beam is built on the construction site. So, after securing the forms, new
concrete is poured and allowed to solidify. Loads would then be enforced.
B.
Concrete Beams, Precast
Factory-made
beams of this type are available. As a result, compared to on-site building,
the construction condition is more manageable. As a result, the quality of the
beam's concrete would be improved.
T-beams, Double
T-beams, Inverted T-beams, and many more cross-sectional shapes can be
manufactured.
C.
Prestressed Concrete Beam
The pre-stressed
concrete beam is made by stressing strands prior to putting loads on it.
Pre-tensioned and post-tensioned concrete beams are two different types of
pre-stressed concrete beams.
7. Others
A.
The Deep Beam
According to the
ACI Code, a deep beam has a significant depth and a clear span to depth ratio
of less than four. A compression force combining the load and the reaction
carries a significant weight to the supports. As a result, unlike typical
beams, the strain distribution is no longer considered linear.
B.
Girder
Steel sections
are commonly utilised in girder beams that absorb severe loads.
Applications of beams
·
In the past, timber beams were commonly utilised
in the construction of structures.
·
Timber beams are extensively employed in areas
where there is a substantial supply of wood.
·
Both vertical and horizontal loads are carried
by concrete beams. Concrete beams are capable of withstanding large compressive
loads.
·
Concrete beams are used to build bridges, foundations,
and other buildings.
·
Frame bridges have been built using composite
beams.
·
Composite steel and concrete beams, in which the
steel resists tensile strains and the concrete resists compressive stresses,
are more extensively utilised.
·
Steel beams are commonly used in steel
constructions, workshops, steel roofs, trusses, and bridges, among other
things.
·
In the construction of residential buildings,
simply supported beams are commonly employed.
·
The continuous beam is commonly employed in the
building of big span bridges with excessively lengthy spans.
·
Continuous beams are also employed in the
construction of long span slabs and structures with several continuous
supports.
·
In the building of trusses, fixed beams are
used.
·
Balconies and Cantilever slabs, for example, are
built with cantilever beams.
·
When it is not possible to provide a support for
the beam at one end, an overhanging beam is used.
·
Overhanging beams are common in a floor beam
that extends beyond the outside wall of a structure to support a balcony.
Frequently Asked Questions about the
many types of beams used in building In construction.
what are beams?
Vertical loads,
shear stresses, and bending moments can all be absorbed by beams, which are
horizontal structural elements. They carry loads imparted along their length to
their terminals, which include walls, columns, foundations, and other
structures.
What are RCC beams or cast in-situ
beams?
Concrete and
reinforcement bars are used to make RCC beams. Vertical loads, shear forces,
and bending moments are all resistent to them.
What is the definition of a continuous
beam?
A continuous
beam has more than two supports throughout the length of it.
What are the different types of beam
support conditions?
1. Pinned 2.
Roller
3. Fixed
What types of beams are there based
on the support conditions?
1. A beam that
is simply supported
2. Beam that is
fixed
3. Beam with a
cantilever
4. Constant beam
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