Basic knowledge of Civil Engineering

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 Basic knowledge of Civil Engineering

The following are some basic civil engineering points for civil engineers to remember in order to make construction work easier while maintaining construction quality:

·         The slab's minimum thickness should be 125 mm.

·         A maximum height of 1.50m is permitted for concrete freefall.

·         Lap splices must not be used on bars larger than 36 mm in diameter.

·         The water absorption of bricks is limited to no more than 15%.

·         The PH value of the used water should not be less than 6.

·         Bricks have a minimum compressive strength of 3.5 N/mm2.

·         Steel reinforcement requires 8 kg of binding wire per metric tonne.

·         For IS code soil filling work, 3 samples for core cutting test should be taken for every 100m2.

·         Lapping in reinforcement is not permitted for bars with diameters greater than 36 mm.

·         The maximum spacing for steel char is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2.

·         A rod with a minimum diameter of 12 mm should be used in steel dowels.

·         Steel chairs with a minimum bar diameter of 12 mm must be used.

·         Longitudinal reinforcement should be no less than 0.8 percent and no more than 6% of total C/S.

·         The minimum number of bars used in a square column is four, and the number of bars used in a circular column is six.

·         The main bars used in the slabs must be at least 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars), and the distributors must be at least 8 mm and no more than 1/8 of the slab thickness.

 

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Curing Time for Concrete Members Made of Different Types of Cement

Type of cement

Time

Super Sulphate cement

 

7 days

Ordinary Portland cement OPC

10 days

 

Minerals & Admixture added cement

14 days

 

Minimum Nos. Of Concrete Cube Sample for Given Volume of Concrete

 

1 – 5 m3 = 1 Nos.

6 – 15 m3 = 2 Nos.

16 – 30 m3 = 3 Nos.

31 – 50 m3 = 4 Nos.

Above 50 m3 = 4 + 1 Nos.

 


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De-Shuttering Period of Different RCC Members

The period for columns, walls, vertical formworks – 16-24 hrs.

Period for Soffit formwork to slabs – 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)

The period for Soffit to beams props – 7 days (props to be refixed after removal)

Beams spanning up to 4.5m – 7 days

Beams spanning over 4.5m – 14 days

Arches spanning up to 6m – 14 days

Arches spanning over 6m – 21 days

Density of Construction Materials

Bricks – 1600 – 1920 kg/m3

Concrete block – 1920 kg/ m3

Reinforce Concrete – 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3

Aggregates – 2400 - 2900 kg/m3

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